American Labour Movement Essays - Labor Relations, Business

American Labour Movement Essays - Labor Relations, Business American Labour Movement Tapas K Chakraborty ACWA Role Impact of Organised Labour in American Politics Introduction Th is write-up is an attempt to briefly explain the role impact of American labour movement in the American politics. Efforts are made to throw light on such aspects as emergence of trade union movement, its place in the socio-political structure of America, the hard days, good days as well as bad days of American trade union movement. Issues of labour immigration, globalisation, and inequality have been put in places as required. History Development of American Labour Movement During later part of the 17 th century, America witnessed the beginning of guild led trade union movements by workers from carpentry, printing , cobbling, and other professions. Workers also played a significant role in the independence struggle. England - born industrial revolution had started to spread in America, and with this came in the news of miserable working conditions of British factory workers. During the American civil war, factory system of economy flourished but gruelling income-inequality and grinding poverty emerged as well. Workers became aware of exploitative tendency of employers and felt the need to form trade union-federations. Number of trade unions rapidly increased. Some of the front ranking federations, to name, are National Labour Union; 1866, Knights of Labour; 1869, The American Federation of Labour; 1886, and others. It won't be out of context to mention that a parallel trade union movement not by main stream federations, but by radical industrial workers became suc cessful in scrapping a wage-cut and number of weeks reduction decision by the employers. Their movement and achievement are also viewed as positive contribution to the American trade union movement. In 1935 Committee of Industrial Organisation (CIO) was established as a conglomerate of a number of American Federation of Labour Unions. The CIO under the able leadership made a big stride in American labour unionism and workers of large sector of American basic industries united under this umbrella organisation. Though AFL and CIO had their respective reservation s as regards direction of movement, there were common interest areas for them to work on, and ultimately in 1955 AFL and CIO merged into a bigger inclusive trade union federation. Since 1970s the number of American T rade U nions and their influences , have been steadily plummeting. The new anti-unionism regime came to power in 1980s and exacerbated the down swing. During the period 1975 to 1985 trade union membership dropped by 5 million. Manufacturing sector witnessed a sharp decline of 75% in the number of member-workers during the same period. From 1980s to 2009 organised American labour force in relation to total labour force declined from 17% to 12%. A number of factors are responsible for such decline , like employers' consistent effort to keep industries trade-union free, more and more workers losing faith in organised trade unions, and accepting low paid jobs, and most importantly, income disparity among trade union members and non-members leading to rise in production cost of goods manufactured by industries with trade union presence, and thereby losing out to competitors , and resulting in lay-off of workers in s uch industries. Significance as a Political Actor The American labour movement and workers in general witnessed both political unrest and economic uncertainty, during 1894 to 1915. Industrial revolution that started in Europe entered America, and industrialisation spread unchecked. Newer jobs were created along with newer problems. Three depressions within a span of 20years forced many plants to shut down resulting in unemployment. Industrial dispute was a common-place incident in management-worker relationship. But American labour movement had some significant impact on some major social issues of the 20 th century ; important among them are reasonable working hours and working conditions for the industrial workers, participation of women in the work-force, vacation of workers, and abolition of child-labour. Industrialisation initiated a shift in the social life of America from being agrarian to industrial. The industrial colonies got congested due to large-scale immigration in search of jobs . Living conditions of workers got worsened, and so their wor king conditions, marred by long and strictly monitored monotonous work. The American Federation of Labour (AFL) founded by Samuel

Calculate Energy Required to Turn Ice Into Steam

Calculate Energy Required to Turn Ice Into Steam This worked example problem demonstrates how to calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of a sample that includes changes in phase. This problem finds the energy required to turn cold ice into hot steam. Ice to Steam Energy Problem What is the heat in Joules required to convert 25 grams of -10  °C ice into 150  °C steam?Useful information:heat of fusion of water 334 J/gheat of vaporization of water 2257 J/gspecific heat of ice 2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °Cspecific heat of water 4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °Cspecific heat of steam 2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °CSolution:The total energy required is the sum of the energy to heat the -10  °C ice to 0  °C ice, melting the 0  °C ice into 0  °C water, heating the water to 100  °C, converting 100  °C water to 100  °C steam and heating the steam to 150  °C. To get the final value, first calculate the individual energy values and then add them up.Step 1: Heat required to raise the temperature of ice from -10  °C to 0  °C Use the formulaq mcΔTwhereq heat energym massc specific heatΔT change in temperatureq (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(0  °C - -10  °C)]q (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(10  °C)q 522.5 JHeat required to raise the temperature of ice from -10  °C to 0  °C 522.5 JStep 2: Heat required to convert 0  °C ice to 0  °C waterUse the formula for heat:q m ·ÃŽâ€Hfwhereq heat energym massΔHf heat of fusionq (25 g)x(334 J/g)q 8350 JHeat required to convert 0  °C ice to 0  °C water 8350 JStep 3: Heat required to raise the temperature of 0  °C water to 100  °C waterq mcΔTq (25 g)x(4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(100  °C - 0  °C)]q (25 g)x(4.18 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(100  °C)q 10450 JHeat required to raise the temperature of 0  °C water to 100  °C water 10450 JStep 4: Heat required to convert 100  °C water to 100  °C steamq m ·ÃŽâ€Hvwhereq heat energym massΔHv heat of vaporizationq (25 g)x(2257 J/g)q 56425 JHeat required to convert 100  °C water to 100  °C steam 56425Step 5: Heat required to convert 100  °C steam to 150  °C steamq mcΔTq (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)[(150  °C - 100  °C)]q (25 g)x(2.09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)x(50  °C)q 2612.5 JHeat required to convert 100  °C steam to 150  °C steam 2612.5Step 6: Find total heat energyHeatTotal HeatStep 1 HeatStep 2 HeatStep 3 HeatStep 4 HeatStep 5HeatTotal 522.5 J 8350 J 10450 J 56425 J 2612.5 JHeatTotal 78360 JAnswer:The heat required to convert 25 grams of -10  °C ice into 150  °C steam is 78360 J or 78.36 kJ.

Equal Opportunity and the Law in the United Research Paper

Equal Opportunity and the Law in the United - Research Paper Example Every institution should set in place remedies to challenges that may impede learners of English language in educational institutions. Hillberry, 2008, identifies and a number of other provisions of law as in the education sector that aim at promoting equity among learners. Embracing models that ensure English Learner programs forms some of the common strategies to ensure equality in learning institutions. Equal opportunity laws condemn any conduct that shows discrimination against employees (Alaska Job Center Network, 2012). The labor department, in attempts to discourage discrimination, has set standards for fulfillment by employers and organizations to guarantee equal opportunity provision. There are diverse policy provisions in the United States including the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), passed in 1998. As a measure of ensuring equality and provision of basic human rights, the legislation cushions beneficiaries of diverse programs provided by the state. The law provides that t he beneficiaries of programs should not be subject to prejudice based on their status. In view of the law, beneficiaries of programs have equals opportunities that are free from discrimination. Opportunity provision to citizen of the United States should be guided by principles that contradict considerations based on the beneficiary’s gender, national origin, sex, age and religion. Mahagan and Sylvia, 2002, identify the role of WIA in ensuring equality in service provision to dislocated workers. This is among the measures in place to attain equality in service provision across the citizens of the United States. Any favor credited to a party based on color, religious affiliation and state regarding disability is illegal. Equality should be a core value of that tops among the various considerations concerning decision-making processes and protocols and participation of various parties in administration. The department of labor, in the United States, is keen to ensure fairness t hrough the different departments set to monitor the application of the laws related to the provision of equal opportunities (DOL, 2012). The civil rights center bears the mandate to supervise and monitor diverse programs supported by the finances from the federal assistance. In addition, the center plays a critical role of ascertaining equality regarding the allocation of assistance to applicants. To strengthen the realization of equal opportunity, monitoring of compliance to provisions of contracts using set programs is of sound importance. The commission, set to oversee equal opportunity provision in the United States, is independent and enjoys exclusive power to ensure equality in judicial proceedings. This ensures that judicial processes that promote the enforcement of individuals and organizations’ civil rights are set in place. Besides the provision technical awareness, the commission makes an immense contribution to enforcing equality through awareness provision. The c ivil rights act passed in the United States in 1964 provides a clear provision that anchors the enforcement of equal opportunities in the United States (EEOC, 2012). Title VII of the legislation condemns any form of discrimination on any person regarding the provision of employment. Any form of violation by any party against the provisions of the law

Freehold covenants are too easy to impose upon land and too difficult Essay

Freehold covenants are too easy to impose upon land and too difficult to remove - Essay Example The law pertaining covenants entered between freeholders which is known as freehold covenants symbolises the manner in which one landowner may impact or control the use of adjoining or neighbouring land. A freehold covenant has both an advantage and an onus in respect of two estates in land owned by different individuals. Thus, covenants symbolise another form of proprietary duty, despite one that obliges its origin to the curative authority of courts of equity. (Dixon 2011:313). A freehold covenant may be explained as promises made through a deed (covenants) between freeholders where one contracting party guarantees to carry out or not to do some actions on the land owned by them for the advantage of adjoining land. For instance, owner of property A promises to the owner of property B not to do some kind of business or trade on his (A’s) land or where the owner of a property X promises to owner of property Y not to construct a wall over above a certain height or without getting approval from the owner of the property Y. The landowner who makes a promise on behalf of his land is known as covenantor (where the onus lies) and the property owner to whom such promise is made is known as covenantee and his land is where the benefit lies. In most of the cases, covenants between freeholders are negative or restrictive in nature, which prevents the owner of the land to do certain things in his own land. (Dixon 2011:313). The land with an advantage under a freehold covenant is known as dominant land where the land with the disadvantage is identified as the servient land. (Holmes 2005:157). Analysis Privity of Contract In a land deal, there will be a contract between the original parties (buyer & seller) and these original parties to the contract under the common law principle of privity of contract, the party with a benefit can be able to implement the promise or covenant against the party with the burden. In case of a land contract deal, the subject matter is not rest with the original parties to the contract whereas in the majority of the other contract deals, the subject matter rests with the original contracting parties. In land contracts, there is every possibility of passing the property to their legal heirs or successors either by gift or by inheritance or by sale. (Morris 1999:6). Under the privity of contract principle, the burden associated with a land cannot be passed on whereas a benefit a ttached to it can be passed on to the successor. Hence, the successor to the owner of a land with a burden cannot be compelled to enforce the covenant by the successor to the owner of the land with the benefit covenants attached to it. (Morris 1999:6). In conveyancing a freehold land or property which has a positive covenant which demands the buyer to maintain the land or premises by carrying out repair as and when necessary, which can be only implemented by â€Å"privity of contract between the original buyer and the seller.† Once the property is disposed off, the vendor who insisted with a covenant may not be interested in such property’s covenants. There will be no virtual advantage or incentive to implement the covenant just to help those still residing in the adjoining areas. Even if the seller remains there and if the buyer disposes the land to a third party, then† no privity of contract will be existing between the new buyer and the original vendor.† Further, under the principle of privity of estate, as pertinent to promises or covenants included in transfer of freehold land or property, the burden will not pass on to the buyer, and it would not be probable to enforce the promise against the new purchaser directly.

To what extent does the media assist or limit the conduct of military operations Essay Example for Free

To what extent does the media assist or limit the conduct of military operations Essay Some form of controversy has been regularly generated between the press and the military especially the question of media access to the battlefield. Conflict between reporter and the military is not new. As war correspondents became of age in the Civil War, the military began its determination to protect its operations. The media have often called this determination â€Å"censorship. † The military/media relationship is seriously degraded because of mistrust between the two entities. Sources of this mistrust are analyzed, to include: cultural differences; the perception of biased reporting; misunderstanding and ignorance; and speculation. In any operation there are many aspects of military/media relations which include operational security, the press pool system, logistics, public opinion, etc. However, there has been animosity between journalists and the military. The military frequently views press as offering only potential harm not benefit (Carruthers, 2000). The press, on the other hand, has a history of being critical of the military. For instance, U.  S. media and professional associations insist that the military must accommodate the press in wartime situations, for three good reasons which include: the press has always been present when troops have been involved; the public has a fundamental right to know; and restrictions put violate the First Amendment. Yet on some ground between the military operational requirement for information to be made available only on a basis of needing to know, and the right of the citizens of a democracy to know about what their military is doing, lies a middle ground (Dandeker, 1995). Generally, soldiers understand fighting and journalists understand communicating, yet none of them knows that the political impact of combat depends on how the fighting is communicated. Hence both sides need one another. Key civilian and military leaders have now embraced the fact that successful inclusion of the press to ensure adequate coverage is not an optional luxury, but rather is a necessity in todays information age and the expectations of the citizens. The benefits gained from the news media coverage of military operations outweigh the drawbacks, and therefore press coverage should be permitted. There is no set solution appropriate for every situation, since every war is unique. But improvements in military planning, officer training, and press indoctrination will help solve some of the current problems in the military/media relationship. How media assist the conduct of military operations In todays technology-driven world, the media is a fourth dimension added to air, land, and sea and the operational commander must contend with this potent entity to be relevant. Moreover, the media is an accelerator of immense importance in todays world in respect to the operational factors of time, space, and force affecting the operational commander decision-making. The reason why the military should engage the media is probably best stated by General (Ret) Dennis J.  Reimer in a 1997 memorandum to his senior Army leaders. â€Å"Our success, as an institution, depends on the degree to which all senior leaders communicate clearly to the people. It is in fact part of your METL [Mission Essential Task List],† said Reimer. To begin with, the military has the need for improved defense related public relations. The media is an important force multiplier, and it must be harnessed to win the battle of the hearts and minds of the people and keep them fully abreast of developments at home and abroad. This will ensure that they are not misled by rumors, propaganda and dis-information; this could happen if they do not have access to a truthful and speedy account of the facts and the progress of events. Secondly, the media is important in projecting the operations to the remotest parts of the country and arousing nationalism and patriotic fervour in the nation. Thirdly, having a media team at each level of command down to the battalion level is of great help to project the activities of the armed forces through films and other means. The procedure evolved provide for regular operational briefings by the operational/intelligence staff at headquarters or by the concerned corps/divisional commanders. Fourthly, training selected service officers and men in media work by running suitable courses for them on a regular basis and also media personnel need to understand the organisation, role, ethos and fighting capabilities of the armed forces and the characteristics of its various units is most beneficial (that is , media-military interface). Fifthly, limiting journalists access to a war can also work against the military. Galloway pointed to the Persian Gulf War as an example. When the war was over you had no proof of the efficacy of your efforts and your soldiers efforts to take up on [Capitol] Hill at a very difficult time when troop cuts, budget cuts, drawbacks are all under way, he said. Despite the constant tension and sometimes opposing goals of the military and the media, the militarys primary role is to support and defend the Constitution of the nation, the First Amendment of which is freedom of speech and of the press. Finally, having media-military interface there is hope for prompt and timely information in an age when news is increasingly being transmitted and used instantly, with TV news being broadcast on the hour, every hour (Krishna, 2000). How media limit the conduct of military operations The longstanding conflict between the news medias need for access and the militarys need for secrecy has continued during the war on terrorism, journalists agree. If anything, the tension between th e two groups has gotten worse. For instance, during the war in Afghanistan, Pentagon senior spokesman Bryan Whitman said the military understands reporters concerns but that the top priority must be troop safety. Ensuring †¦ that what we do with the news media in the Pentagon or in the field doesnt do anything to jeopardize the success of the operation or endanger the personnel that are participating in the military operation †¦ has to be balanced all the time with †¦ how much reporting can be taking place at any given moment, he said. (Wilcox Jr, 2002) But author and former war correspondent Joe Galloway, whose book We Were Soldiers Once †¦ and Young documents the first major U. S. ground battle of the Vietnam War, said that Vietnam changed the mindset of the military because of the open and unrestricted reporting done by journalists. Most of the times, the military is willing to learn, the journalists are not; pointed out by Galloway as evidenced by the numerous invitations he has received from the military to speak about the subject. He has not received any invitations to speak to news organizations or journalism schools. The media is also believed by them reporting from the battlefield turn the people against the military and against the war. Galloway also adds that, while Vietnam remains a model for him in terms of military/media relations, U. S. led military operations in Grenada and Panama were disastrous in terms of the medias ability to cover those conflicts because of military restrictions. Also, keeping the media at a greater distance from combat operations than security requires would contribute to a bitterly adversarial military-media relationship. This, in turn, would likely hurt the war effort in the long run by inviting relentlessly negative coverage and fanning public distrust. Furthermore, the media are a fact of military operations and here to stay as well as being vital to all democratic governments seeking to discharge their duty to explain. Military control of information during war time is also a major contributing factor to propaganda, especially when the media go along with it without question. The military recognizes the values of media and information control very well. The military often manipulates the mainstream media, by restricting or managing what information is presented and hence what the public are told. For them it is paramount to control the media. This can involve all manner of activities, from organizing media sessions and daily press briefings, or through providing managed access to war zones, to even planting stories. Over time then, the way that the media covers conflicts degrades in quality, critique and objectiveness. As one military puts it,† Information is the currency of victory. † From a military’s perspective, information warfare is another front on which a battle must be fought. However, as well as needing to deceive adversaries, in order to maintain public support, information to their own public must no doubt be managed as well. That makes sense from a military perspective. Sometimes the public can be willing to sacrifice detailed knowledge. But that can also lead to unaccountability and when information that is presented has been managed, propaganda is often the result. Finally, the military have had to adapt since 1982 is the speed of reporting made possible by modern communications. Today, a reporter with a digital camera, a laptop and a satellite phone, all of which can fit in a day sack, can file stories minutes after events and even live if they have a bit more by way of equipment. Control is much more difficult if reporters dont need military’s help to file a story. Because they can act so quickly, and are expected to do so by their editors or newsrooms, military dont have the time to ponder at length our response to events, we must respond quickly whilst still, crucially, maintaining accuracy. For instance, this happened on TELIC 1 (Iraq) but, it was not a great success. Conclusion Throughout history, no matter the time or war, there has always been a conflict between the military and the media. The media’s right to a free press conflicts with the military’s concern for operational security. It serves no constructive purpose, however, to ignore this conflict nor does it serve a purpose by adding to it. Therefore, it is time for the military to accept the media as part of the battlefield of the 21st century, and to understand and prepare for the media as it does for other battlefield elements. Commanders should ensure that their troops receive not only the equipment, but also the training to survive in adverse battlefield environments. The point here is to point out that no matter whether the military likes or dislikes the media, the media will be a part of the battlefield environment just as the weather. As is the case with inclement weather, the better the commander plans and prepares his or her troops, as well as themselves for the media, the better they and their troops will do when faced with a reporter. If we are going to get this right, the military must not resort unnecessarily to secrecy or to lightly tarring independent journalists as disloyal. The media should not frivolously cry censorship. And each should work harder to understand the views and accommodate the needs of the other.

Sex In History Essay -- Sexuality

As we human beings have changed and evolved over our thousands of years of recorded history, so have our attitudes and expressions of all things sexual. The only thing that hasn't changed much is society's desire to exercise a certain amount of control over an individual's sexual behavior. Whether it be through church or state, educational institutions or popular media of the time, there have been rules and regulations, views and taboos about what we should do sexually, how we should do it, who we should do it with and even how we should think about doing it. Body parts A particular area of interest, naturally, has been the body and specifically those parts that are obviously connected with sex. We've alternately hidden and displayed, worshiped and derided male and female genitalia. In most non-Christian cultures there were gods and goddesses of power and fertility with exaggerated genitals. Some cultures liked penis gods so much they had several; for instance, the ancient Greeks honored Priapus, Dionysus and Hermes. The Egyptians exalted Osiris, Bacchus was the Roman version, and Shiva reigned in India. Penis and, less commonly, vulva worship, were practiced and this was reflected in objects connected with daily living. Vases in classical Greece were decorated with phalluses. In the ruins of Pompeii penis symbols were found just about everywhere, on bowls, lamps and figurines. Pitchers with enormous penis spouts were a unique specialty of the Mochica culture of Peru. The exteriors of medieval Irish churches were adorned with sculptures of Shelah-na-Gig, a vulva icon. In Egypt enormous symbols of penis power Ââ€" the obelisk Ââ€" were erected all over the landscape. Smaller penis symbols in the form of amulets and bracelet... ... modern birth control emerged in Egypt about 300 BC. There they used mechanical and chemical methods that foreshadow modern diaphragms, cervical caps and spermicides. Their versions included lint pads soaked in honey and acacia tips, and crocodile dung compacted with auyt-gum, both to be inserted into the vagina as a barrier to semen. Some Romans of the 4th century decided that the best way to prevent unwanted pregnancy was to diminish a wife's desire for sexual intercourse. Specific methods included: mouse dung liniment; swallowing pigeon droppings mixed with oil and wine; or rubbing her loins with the blood of ticks off a wild black bull. Condoms began to come into their own during the 18th century. They were usually made of sheep gut, or sometimes fish skin, and were originally introduced not for prevention of pregnancy but as a protection against syphilis.

Mining Excellence at Redmond Minerals Essay

The HR department now must attain and evaluate each employee contributions to the company on a scale relevant to their position. This is where a high performance work system comes in to play which creates the best possible fit between their employee social system and their equipment technical system. This function of having a high performance work system is based on the reliance of knowledge workers, the empowerment of employees to make decisions, and the use of team work. The HRM practice has to incorporate various measures to create outlets for performance management, training, work design, and compensation to demonstrate the importance for successful output. This in turn allows HRM to focus on the strategy of the company putting emphasis growth and efficiency; allowing the department to implement total quality management practices. Those practices consist of methods and processes that are designed to meet the needs of internal and external customers, every employee in the organization receives quality training, quality is designed into a product or service so that errors are prevented from occurring rather than being detected and corrected in an error-prone product or service, the organization promotes cooperation with vendors/suppliers/and customers to improve quality and hold costs down, and managers measure progress with feedback based on data. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2009, p. 7) This practice is also parallel to the reengineering of the company new product focus plan, instead of focusing low costs and low prices the focus became concentrated on unique products which catered to a unique target market of consumers. This will prompt the HR department to help design and implement change so that all employees will be committed to the success of the reengineered organization. This may require additio nal training for the new restructuring of their new product line and will give everyone an opportunity to feel comfortable with the new way of operation. Suggestions for Internet Improvements At the organizational level, a successful Human Resources Development program prepares the individual to undertake a higher level of work, â€Å"organized learning over a given period of time, to provide the possibility of performance change† (Nadler 1984). In these settings, Human Resources Development is the framework that focuses on the organizations competencies at the first stage, training, and then developing the employee, through education, to satisfy the organizations long-term needs and the individuals’ career goals and employee value to their present and future employers. Human Resources Development can be defined simply as developing the most important section of any business its human resource by attaining or upgrading employee skills and attitudes at all levels to maximize enterprise effectiveness. The people within an organization are its human resource. Human Resources Development from a business perspective is not entirely focused on the individual’s growth and development, â€Å"development occurs to enhance the organization’s value, not solely for individual improvement. Individual education and development is a tool and a means to an end, not the end goal itself†. (Elwood F. Holton II, James W. Trott Jr Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, Vol. 12, No. 2, p7). The broader concept of national and more strategic attention to the development of human resources is beginning to emerge as newly independent countries face strong competition for their skilled professionals and the accompanying brain-drain they experience. If I was tapped for the job of HR Specialist, three ideas that I would suggest in utilizing the internet for HRM would be to use a â€Å"human resource information system† which a computer system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve, and distribute information related to an organizations human resource. I would also suggest an electronic human resource management application which allows employees to enroll and participate in training programs online, as well as elect benefits packages and read company news. Another aspect to include the technological aspect of HR would be for the basis of record keeping and information sharing. I would implement a â€Å"self service† which means employees have online access to info about HR such as training, compensation, and contracts. My ideas support Roberts’s ideas of running the company because he took on the responsibility of making his employees a priority. He understood the makeup of the niche company and the important resourced asset that will differentiate his product line from his competitors. His ability to be receptive to suggestions from his employees along with giving them the ability to be empowered in their position shows trust in his employees attributes that they will positively add to the success of the company. By creating an open growth focused atmosphere it will stimulate productivity and allow creative ideas to be a foundation for present and future employees to stand on. Willingness to Change From the reading the original owners felt that empowering their employees as a risky move so their stockholding shares were sold to Robert. I believe that Robert’s strategy prompted change and realizing that in order to accomplish goals of the company that his people must be in the forefront. People are your most important asset, because technology, products, and structures can be copied by competitors. No one can match highly charged motivated people that care about the operation of your business and talented creative human capital is the prime ingredient for organizational success. Before within the company it appeared as if the employees under previous management were overworked and underappreciated which caused for lack of growth and stagnated direction overall. By understanding the attitudes of your employees and presenting an atmosphere that is conclusive to the strengthening of a positive work related environment your customers will ultimately reap the benefits and will be the basis for customer retention. The more top management wants an internal commitment from its employees, the more it must involve employees in defining work objectives, specifying how to achieve them and how they will be rewarded and recognized once attained. Reference Noe, R. , Hollenbeck, J. , Gerhart, B. , ; Wright, P. (2009). Trends in Human Resource Management. In J. Weimeister (Ed. ), Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (p. 36). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Kinetics Chemistry Lab

Rachel Smith Design Lab: Kinetics Lab Introduction: ! Background Information- Effervescent tablets reduce stomach acid and help treat upset stomachs. The familiar ? zzing you hear when you drop an Alka-Seltzer tablet into a glass of water is the result of a chemical reaction. After dropping the tablet into the water, the reaction causes the solid tablet to become dissolved and releases tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide. This reduces the time it takes for the medicine to work as it does not need to dissolve inside the body. Research Question: How does the surface area affect the rate of the reaction?Varaibles†¢ Independent: Surface Area †¢ Dependent: Rate of Reaction (time) †¢ Controlled: Water temperature, Volume of water, Concentration, Still water, and One tablet. Hypothesis: Increasing the surface area of the tablet will increase the rate of the reaction. Materials†¢ Effervescent Tablets (12) – 4 Per Trial, 3 Trials †¢ 150mL Beaker †¢ 80mL of Wate r per trial (3 trials) †¢ Mortar and Pestle †¢ Scalpel †¢ 100mL Graduated Cylinder (error + 0. 5) †¢ Stopwatch (error + 0. 1) †¢ Thermometer Procedure-! 1. Gather all materials needed for experiment. 2. Measure 80mL of water in the 100mL graduated cylinder. . Pour the 80mL of water from the 100mL graduated cylinder into the 150mL beaker 4. Let the water sit until it reaches the room temperature, use the thermometer to measure the temperature until it reaches around 26 degrees celsius. 5. Retrieve 4 effervescent tablets (for ? rst trial), prepare tablets: 1)leave it whole, 2) cut the tablet in half using the scalpel, 3) cut the tablet into fourths using the scalpel, and 4) completely grind up the last tablet with the Mortar and Pestle. 6. Place the whole tablet in the 80mL water in the beaker and immediately start the timer. 7.Wait until the tablet is no longer visible and stop the timer; record time in the data table, report any qualitative observations. 8. Pour the solution into the sink 9. Repeat steps 2-4 to prepare the water. Rachel Smith 10. Place the two halves of the tablet in the 80mL water in the beaker and immediately start the timer. 11. Repeat steps 7-9 to ? nish the reaction. 12. Repeat steps 2-4 to prepare the water. 13. Place the four quarters of the tablet in the 80mL water in the beaker and immediately start the timer. 14. Repeat steps 7-9 to ? nish the reaction. 15. Repeat steps 2-4 to prepare the water. 6. Place the completely ground tablet in the 80mL water in the beaker and immediately start the timer. 17. Repeat steps 7-9 to ? nish the reaction. 18. Clean up the work station and put all materials back in their correct place. 19. Using the data collected on the data table, calculate the average rate of reaction for each type of tablet to complete the reaction – keep in mind the uncertainties. 20. Make sure to show your work for step 19. 21. Then using the averages that were calculated in step 19, make a bar graph to show the relationships between the tablets. 2. When making the graph the BLANK goes on the x axis and the BLANK goes on the y axis. 23. Using the information from the relationships of the tablets in the graph and the averages, determine the relationship between surface area and the rate of the reaction. Data Collection: Rates of Reaction in Seconds (+0. 1) Whole Half Quarter Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3 Average in Sec Calculations: Step: Whole Half Quarter Powder Average Rates if Reactions in Seconds Add Divide 57. 0+55. 3+58. 5= 42. 2+41. 5+43. 2= 34. 9+41. 1+38. 4= 24. 3+25. 0+24. 6= 170. /3 126. 9/3 114. 4/3 73. 9/3 Final Average 56. 9 42. 4 38. 1 24. 6 57. 0 sec 55. 3 sec 58. 5 sec 56. 9+0. 175% 42. 2 sec 41. 5 sec 43. 2 sec 42. 4+0. 236% 34. 9 sec 41. 1 sec 38. 4 sec 38. 1+0. 263% Powder 24. 3 sec 25. 0 sec 24. 6 sec 24. 6+0. 406% Average Rate of Reaction in Seconds 60. 0000 Rachel Smith 45. 0000 30. 0000 15. 0000 0 Whole Half Quarter Powder Surface Area of the Tablet Pe rcent Uncertainty Calculations Step: Error / Time Multiplied by Percent Error Add Percent 100 Uncertainty Divide by Three Final Percent Uncertainty Whole 1)0. 1/57. 1). 00175 2)0. 1/55. 3 2). 00181 3)0. 1/58. 5 3). 00171 1)0. 1/42. 2 1). 00237 2)0. 1/41. 5 2). 00241 3)0. 1/43. 2 3). 00231 1)0. 1/34. 9 1). 00287 2)0. 1/41. 1 2). 00243 3)0. 1/38. 4 3). 00260 1)0. 1/24. 3 1). 00412 2)0. 1/25. 0 2). 00400 3)0. 1/24. 6 3). 00407 1). 175% 2). 181% 3). 171% 1). 237% 2). 241% 3). 231% 1). 287% 2). 243% 3). 260% 1). 412% 2). 400% 3). 407% .175+. 181 +. 0. 527/3 171= 0. 527 . 237+. 241 +. 0. 709/3 231= 0. 709 . 287+. 243 +. 0. 790/3 260= 0. 790 . 412+. 400 +. 1. 219/3 407= 1. 219 +. 175% Half +. 236% Quarter +. 263% Powder . 406% Graph: Graph Comparing Surface Area to the Average Rate of the Reaction Qualitative Data: ! When the tablet was dropped into the water the tablet began to quickly dissolve resulting in bubbles and the ? zzing of the water. Error Analysis: Rachel Smith ! Systematic er rors include 1) The experimenter not reading from the meniscus line, when determining the amount of water in the graduated cylinder was 80mL and when measuring the temperature of the water, 2) Not allowing the water to reach room temperature 3) The experimenter not completely ? ling the 100mL graduated cylinder with 80mL of water and 4) The experimenter not starting/stopping the timer at the right moment. ! ! Random errors include 1) The experimenter incorrectly reading the graduated cylinder 2) The experimenter losing some of the tablet while trying to cut the tablet into smaller pieces and 3) The experimenter not cutting the tablets into precise pieces. Conclusion & Evaluation: ! The goal of this experiment was to ? nd the relationship between the increasing surface and time.The hypothesis was that as the surface area increased the rate of the reaction would also increase. Through the experiment performed, it is visible through the graph that the hypothesis was proved to be correc t. As the surface area of the tablet increased the rate of reaction did as well. From the original size of the tablet to when the tablet was completely crushed into a powder the amount of time needed to complete the reaction diminished. Ultimately the hypothesis proved to be correct based upon the data retrieved from the experiment.

Bernoulli essays

Bernoulli essays The Bernoullis Principle was a phonomena for all physics. He was considered to me the father of mathematical physics. The principle itslef was named after the Swiss scientist named Daniel Bernoulli during the eighteenth century. Bernoulli studied the many relationships among fluid and pressure. This principle shows the relationship of velocity, pressure, and the height for a steady fluid flow. When a horizontal flow is created, the speed of the fluid is increased while the pressure it creates decreases. The strong example of this is shown through the lift of an airplane in its motion. When the speed of the plane begins to increase, air is flowed faster over the curved top of the wing rather than the bottom part of the wing underneath. When the pressure becomes exerted upwards a net upward force is greated. This is called lift. This is because the pressure that is exerted downward above the wing is not as great of pressure as being exerted upwards. Another example demonstrating this similar method is witnessed in the spoilers of race cars. The spoilers are shaped in the image of an upside down wing . The curved surface it has in the bottom of the wing is what causes and produces the net downward force. In other words, a wing with more curvature on the top surface will have a greater lift than a wing with a flat surface. The similar application for demonstarting this and helping Bernoulli achieve his conclusion is the Venturi Tube. When Bernoulli was studing the flows of fluid as it reached the area in which the the Venturi Tubes pipe diameter was reduced. From this, Bernoulli stated that the velocity of the fluid, flowing through the most narrow diameter is increased while the pressure in that area becomes decreased. The Bernoullis Princliple clearly states that the pressure of a fluid that could be liquid or gas decreases when the speed of the fluid begins to increase. In the fluid, the high speed flow becomes a ...

A 10-Point Comma Quiz

A 10-Point Comma Quiz A 10-Point Comma Quiz A 10-Point Comma Quiz By Mark Nichol Here’s a quiz: Do the following sentences require an additional comma (or perhaps two), the omission of an existing one (or two), or both? Answers and explanations follow. 1. The word breakfast literally means to break the fasting period of your night’s sleep, so you can refuel for the day. 2. The first scene takes place in a dimly lit, tactical command center on an aircraft carrier. 3. The finishing stage is a series of asphalt â€Å"ski jumps,† only the â€Å"skiers† are skiing the wrong way. 4. One of their biggest challenges was coming up with a story that would resonate on a deep, emotional level. 5. Another English writer named Richard Browne used scientific reasoning to confirm the theory. 6. Among slaves, other popular instruments included drums made from hollowed logs covered with animal hides or kitchen pots and pans. 7. They continued to run the establishment, and took great pride in the accomplishments of their sons who kept in regular contact. 8. The storm inspired the title of Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. 9. As slaves were moved around, they encountered other tribes and dance forms such as the Calenda gained widespread intertribal appeal. 10. â€Å"Newspapers and polling organizations predicted that Republican candidate, Thomas E. Dewey, would be America’s next president.† Answers and Explanations 1. Delete. Inclusion of the comma in this sentence incorrectly implies that thanks to the meaning of the word breakfast, you can refuel for the day. 2. Delete. The reference is not to a command center that is dimly lit and tactical; it’s to a tactical command center that is dimly lit. (Don’t let technical jargon deter you from making sense of a compound noun.) 3. Both. Only here is not a qualifier that suggests â€Å"the ‘skiers’ and nobody else†; it’s a synonym for however, so punctuate as you would were that word used instead. Also, the first comma should be not just deleted but also replaced by an em dash that sets off the unusual circumstance described in the final phrase. (References to skiing are enclosed in scare quotes because the participants are not actually skiers but are engaging in an analogous activity.) 4. Delete. As with sentence #2, the appositive structure is confused. The reference is to an emotional level that is deep, not a level that is deep and emotional, so deep and emotional are noncoordinate adjectives and therefore require no intervening comma. 5. Add. Unless a previous sentence referenced a different English writer by that name, the phrase â€Å"named Richard Browne† should be set off by two commas to demonstrate that it’s an appositive to â€Å"another English writer† and is therefore parenthetical. (In other words, it’s nonessential; the sentence would make sense without it.) 6. Add. The drums were not made from logs covered with hides or with kitchenware; they could be hide-covered logs, or they could be pots and pans. That fact needs to be clarified with a comma following hides, plus a second from, inserted before kitchen to complete the parallel structure. 7. Both. The comma is neither necessary nor incorrect, but if it’s retained, a second they, after and, would smooth the sentence somewhat. But the definite error is this: Unless there are two groups of progeny sons who kept in regular contact, and sons who didn’t, an appositive comma must be added after sons. 8. Delete. A quick online search will inform you that Hurston wrote more than one novel, so the nonrestrictive comma, which incorrectly implies that she published just one novel, should be jettisoned. 9. Add. The lack of a comma after tribes suggests that the slaves encountered other tribes and other dance forms, but then another verb crops up after that and creates a cognitive logjam. What the sentence means is that slaves’ encounters with slaves from other tribes led to increased exposure to new dance forms. The inserted comma will clarify that a new clause begins with and. 10. Delete. This error of apposition is one of the most annoying, relentlessly viral mistakes in English today. (Think of it this way: A comma implies a pause. Does the reader pause at all, much less twice, during this sentence?) Evidently, the misunderstanding stems from a confusion with the appositive structure of the phrase form exemplified in â€Å"Thomas E. Dewey, the Republican candidate.† The sentence would be correct if the were inserted before the epithet â€Å"Republican candidate,† but it is alternatively rendered proper by the omission of the two commas. The appropriate correction depends on the context (that is, whether a previous reference to a Republican candidate has been made). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Work of Art TitlesThe Difference Between "Phonics" and "Phonetics"

Assignment Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment Questions - Essay Example s internet marketing, owing to the fact that it is rapidly increasing in popularity in the contemporary business environment and may attract a substantial number of clients. Planning: Identification of resources needed to market the bicycle; identification of target markets for the bicycle; identification of marketing channels i.e. e-marketing and assessing marketing condition i.e. market prices, competitors among others. Implementation: This stage would involve exposing the products to the identified marketing channels; exposing the bicycles to the identified target market and offering them at standard market price that benefits that company and affordable to clients Evaluation: This would involve assessing efficacy of the marketing procedures that have been put in place i.e. Are clients satisfied with the company’s e-marketing procedures? Are the prices offered cost-effective? The factors that would be considered when considering the product failure are: Competition from new and emerging alternative products; prices; efficacy of the product in satisfying customers’ needs and marketing strategies as well as clients’ perception on the product. Improve operational efficiency of the product, especially after reviewing customers’ complaints; in addition, the market price of the product would be adjusted accordingly. After an analysis of the marketing strategy, possible improvements would be made. Consequently, research would be performed on the market trends to determine new and emerging alternative products and identify how our product can be improved to meet market standards. Yes. To be a good innovator, one must be willing to accept failure; this ensures that one creates a chance for undertaking research to identify causes of improvements, thus making necessary

Critically examine and compare the elitist, pluralist and the Marxist Assignment

Critically examine and compare the elitist, pluralist and the Marxist theories of the state. Pick a position and argue which theory you think best depicts the reality power of political power as is - Assignment Example In this case, the state is as a result is not subjugated by one class- the ruling class or the bourgeoisie- as seen in the Marxist theory. According to Dunleavy & OLeary (2000), the state is influenced by varying factors, and the interests of the existing groups in the society can be effortlessly attained. In addition, the centers of power according to the Pluralists are not centered on one sphere, and that monopoly of power does not exist in a Pluralist state. In as much the ruling class is seemingly strong and powerful, they have no complete control over the working class, and that the rulers are allowed to come up with labor unions that are strong and vocal to champion for the rights of the proletariats. In turn, the working class is able to exert their influence on the capitalists as evident in the work of Dunleavy & OLeary (2000). Modernity, according to the Pluralists, is the ability of one class not exerting their influence on the weak/ ruled in the society (Dunleavy & OLeary, 2000). In such a case, Shively (2002) indicates that the interests of various social groupings in the society are met and fulfilled by the rulers. Trade unions are for that reason functional and can exert considerable influence on the ruling class. As seen in the work compiled by Garner, Ferdinand & Lawson (2012), the Marxist theory indicates that the ruling group in the social order determines and controls power. The bourgeoisie, commonly known as the ruling class, majorly depends on the levies that are imposed on the proletariats- the ruled. On a lighter note, it is palpable that in some states the bourgeoisie have power over the media; thus, making it easier for the rulers to control what is aired and conveyed to the ruled (Garner, Ferdinand & Lawson, 2012). Conversely, this creates a situation whereby the rulers benefit from continuity in power at the expense of the ‘holders of the state.’ Garner, Ferdinand & Lawson (2012) emphasize that the bourgeoisie class